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<article dtd-version="3.0" article-type="Invited Methods Article - JoVE Produced Video">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">jove</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="email">editorial-office@jove.com</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Visualized Experiments</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">1940-087X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JoVE59115</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">JoVE59115</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="Article Type">
          <subject>Invited Methods Article - JoVE Produced Video</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="Category">
          <subject>JoVE Medicine</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="Classification">
          <subject>Heart Diseases</subject>
          <subject>Vascular Diseases</subject>
          <subject>Hypertension</subject>
          <subject>animal models</subject>
          <subject>Diseases</subject>
          <subject>Cardiovascular Diseases</subject>
          <subject>Life sciences</subject>
          <subject>Life Sciences (General)</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Simultaneous Electrocardiography Recording and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement in Rats</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <role content-type="1" />
          <name>
            <surname>Lee</surname>
            <given-names>Hsiang-Chun</given-names>
            <prefix>Dr.</prefix>
          </name>
          <degrees>M.D., Ph.D.</degrees>
          <email>hclee@kmu.edu.tw;hclee33@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1" />
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="orcid2" />
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <role content-type="2" />
          <name>
            <surname>Lin</surname>
            <given-names>Hsin-Ting</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>hsintinglin2007@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2" />
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <role content-type="3" />
          <name>
            <surname>Shiou</surname>
            <given-names>Yi-Lin</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>irpu10.yls@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3" />
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <role content-type="4" />
          <name>
            <surname>Jhuang</surname>
            <given-names>Wun-Jyun</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>wunjyun0511@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4" />
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Navani</surname>
            <given-names>Dipesh</given-names>
          </name>
          <degrees>Ph.D.</degrees>
          <email>dipesh.n@jove.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5" />
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <institution>Kaohsiung Medical University</institution>
          <institution content-type="position">Assistant Professor </institution>
          <addr-line content-type="addrline1">100 Tzyou 1st Rd. </addr-line>
          <country>TAIWAN</country>
          <addr-line content-type="city">Kaohsiung City </addr-line>
          <addr-line content-type="state">N/A</addr-line>
          <addr-line content-type="zipcode">807</addr-line>
          <phone content-type="primary">+886-7-3121101#2293</phone>
          <institution>Kaohsiung Medical University</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="orcid2">0000-0002-5877-9059</aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <institution>China Medical University Hospital</institution>
          <addr-line content-type="addrline1">2 Yuh-Der Road</addr-line>
          <country>TAIWAN</country>
          <addr-line content-type="city">Taichung</addr-line>
          <addr-line content-type="zipcode">404</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <institution>Kaohsiung Medical University</institution>
          <addr-line content-type="addrline1">100 Tzyou 1st Rd.</addr-line>
          <country>TAIWAN</country>
          <addr-line content-type="city">Kaohsiung City</addr-line>
          <addr-line content-type="zipcode">807</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <institution>Kaohsiung Medical University</institution>
          <addr-line content-type="addrline1">100 Tzyou 1st Rd</addr-line>
          <country>TAIWAN</country>
          <addr-line content-type="city">Kaohsiung</addr-line>
          <addr-line content-type="zipcode">807</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <institution>JoVE</institution>
          <addr-line>1 Alewife Center</addr-line>
          <addr-line>Suite 200</addr-line>
          <addr-line>Cambridge, MA  02140</addr-line>
          <country>UNITED STATES</country>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <abstract>
        <p>For studies related to cardiovascular physiology or pathophysiology, Blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiography are basic observational parameters. Research focusing on cardiovascular disease models, potential cardiovascular therapeutic targets or pharmaceutical agents requires assessment of systemic arterial pressure and heart rhythm changes. In situations where radio telemetry systems are not available or affordable, the technique of femoral artery cannulation is an alternative way to obtain intra-arterial pressure waveform recordings and systemic BP measurements.  This technique is economical and can be performed with standard equipment in animal facilities. However, invasive arterial pressure recording requires cannulation of small arteries, which can be a challenging surgical skill. Here we present step-by-step protocols for femoral artery cannulation procedures. Key procedures include the calibration of the data acquisition system, tissue dissection and femoral artery cannulation, and setup of the arterial cannulation system for pressure recording. Surface electrocardiography recording procedures are also included. We also present examples of BP recordings from normotensive and hypertensive rats. The effects of two anesthesia regimens, intraperitoneal and inhalation anesthesia, on BP is demonstrated and discussed. This protocol allows reliable direct recordings of systemic BP with simultaneous electrocardiography.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Femoral arterial cannulation, intra-arterial blood pressure, hypertension, rat, invasive</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group />
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0" />
      </counts>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>Please indicate whether this article will be Standard Access or Open Access. </meta-name>
          <meta-value>Standard Access (US$2,400);</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>Please indicate the &lt;b&gt; city, state/province, and country&lt;/b&gt; where this article will be &lt;b&gt;filmed&lt;/b&gt;. Please do not use abbreviations.</meta-name>
          <meta-value>Kaohsiung City, Taiwan</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>Black and White Image Count</meta-name>
          <meta-value>0</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>Color Image Count</meta-name>
          <meta-value>0</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>Acquisitions Editor</meta-name>
          <meta-value>Aaron Berard</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>Assistant who entered lead</meta-name>
          <meta-value>NA</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>ALA Access Type</meta-name>
          <meta-value>JPV Standard Access ($2400)</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <fig>
      <label>Figure 1</label>
      <graphic xlink:href="Figure 1_materials.tiff" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" />
    </fig>
    <fig>
      <label>Figure 2</label>
      <graphic xlink:href="Figure 2_cannulation.tiff" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" />
    </fig>
    <fig>
      <label>Figure 3</label>
      <graphic xlink:href="Figure 3_whole setup.tiff" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" />
    </fig>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table of Materials</label>
      <graphic xlink:href="Table of Materials.xls" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" />
    </table-wrap>
    <fig>
      <label>Figure 4</label>
      <graphic xlink:href="Figure 4_Representative results.tiff" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" />
    </fig>
    <fig>
      <label>Figure 1</label>
      <graphic xlink:href="Figure 1_materials_R1.tiff" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" />
    </fig>
    <fig>
      <label>Figure 2</label>
      <graphic xlink:href="Figure 2.Surgery landmark.tiff" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" />
    </fig>
    <fig>
      <label>Figure 3</label>
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    </fig>
    <fig>
      <label>Figure 4</label>
      <graphic xlink:href="Figure 4_cannulation.tiff" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" />
    </fig>
    <fig>
      <label>Figure 5</label>
      <graphic xlink:href="Figure 5_whole setup.tiff" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" />
    </fig>
    <fig>
      <label>Figure 6</label>
      <graphic xlink:href="Figure 6_20181025.tiff" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" />
    </fig>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 1</label>
      <graphic xlink:href="Table 1_103018.xlsx" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" />
    </table-wrap>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table 2</label>
      <graphic xlink:href="Table 2_103018.xlsx" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" />
    </table-wrap>
    <table-wrap>
      <label>Table of Materials</label>
      <graphic xlink:href="Table of Materials_103018.xlsx" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" />
    </table-wrap>
  </body>
</article>